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DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20221107T120000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20221107T133000
DTSTAMP:20220921T183050Z
CREATED:20220921T183050Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220921T183050Z
UID:4027-1667822400-1667827800@anthro.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Female counterstrategies to infanticide in lactating gelada females: adaptive\, but not cost-free
DESCRIPTION:Dr. Amy Lu\, Asst. Professor\, Dept. of Anthropology\, Stony Brook University \nThis talk will be presented via Zoom. \nFemale counterstrategies to infanticide in lactating gelada females: adaptive\, but not cost-free \nAbstract: Adverse socioecological conditions can have pervasive effects on health and fitness. For mothers\, adverse conditions can trigger cost-cutting strategies that limit investment in reproduction. These strategies can further impact the health and fitness of current and future offspring. Geladas are an ideal species in which to investigate the intersection between maternal and offspring responses to adversity. Gelada females reside in one-male units where a “leader” male has sole reproductive access to 2-13 adult females. Males without reproductive units must challenge and depose an existing leader to gain reproductive opportunities\, and such “takeover” events are known to lead to infanticide\, elevated glucocorticoids (GCs)\, and increased injury risk for all natal individuals within the group. Takeover risk also impacts gelada female reproductive physiology: immature females accelerate reproductive maturation\, gestating mothers experience fetal loss (“Bruce effect”)\, and lactating mothers are suspected of producing immediate signals of fertility (sex skin swellings) that deter the likelihood of infanticide. Here\, we draw on over 10 years of data from the Simien Mountains Gelada Research Project to examine the potential costs and benefits associated with this presumed strategy observed in lactating females. We found that lactating gelada females that experienced a takeover produced sex skin swellings earlier than those that did not. However\, females with younger infants were less likely to produce such swellings and infant age at maternal swelling was correlated with the subsequent interbirth interval\, suggesting that mothers that swell earlier divest in current offspring. Finally\, infants that experienced a takeover were more likely to survive when mothers produced swellings\, but also when they were simply older at takeover. Taken together\, our results suggest that although the production of sex skin swellings by lactating females increases infant survival in geladas\, they are not cost-free and may lead to downstream developmental consequences for infants. Furthermore\, mothers of the youngest gelada infants are constrained: they are less able to produce swellings\, yet their infants are more likely to die of infanticide. \nZoom: https://ucla.zoom.us/j/92826436236?pwd=SytQNTNPSWdwaDNlTm05d2srdXNHUT09 \nMeeting ID: 928 2643 6236 \nPasscode: BEC
URL:https://anthro.ucla.edu/event/female-counterstrategies-to-infanticide-in-lactating-gelada-females-adaptive-but-not-cost-free/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20221114T120000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20221114T133000
DTSTAMP:20220921T183333Z
CREATED:20220921T183125Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220921T183333Z
UID:4030-1668427200-1668432600@anthro.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Human Uniqueness and the study of interdependence in Samal “sea nomads” of the Philippines
DESCRIPTION:Dr. Kim Hill\, Professor\, School of Human Evolution and Social Change\, Arizona State University \nThis talk will be presented via Zoom. \nHuman Uniqueness and the study of interdependence in Samal “sea nomads” of the Philippines.  \nAbstract:  Humans are an extreme outlier species by many objective measures. How did we get to be so different from the other 9 million eukaryotic species on the planet?  Decades of research suggests that even in the most traditional human societies a combination of interacting factors makes us unique:  culture\, cooperation\, cognition\, communication.  This also lead to the co-evolution of a very unique life history\, that required economic interdependence in order to be successful.  In this talk I will present new research from Sama “sea nomads” that examines transfers of material goods and services between households.  The pattern shows again the amazing interdependence of human breeding pairs in order to successfully replicate.  We also find a unique pattern of highly cooperative behavior between very distant relatives.  Because the genetic coefficients between cooperators is extremely low\, this pattern cannot be explained by inclusive fitness\, and is probably only possible because of the unique combination of social structure\, cooperation\, and communication that characterizes our species. \nZoom: https://ucla.zoom.us/j/92826436236?pwd=SytQNTNPSWdwaDNlTm05d2srdXNHUT09 \nMeeting ID: 928 2643 6236 \nPasscode: BEC
URL:https://anthro.ucla.edu/event/human-uniqueness-and-the-study-of-interdependence-in-samal-sea-nomads-of-the-philippines/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20221121T120000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20221121T133000
DTSTAMP:20220921T183355Z
CREATED:20220921T183216Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220921T183355Z
UID:4033-1669032000-1669037400@anthro.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Cultural rescue: avoiding extinction with gene-culture coevolution
DESCRIPTION:Dr. Laurel Fogarty\, Senior Scientist\, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology \nThis talk will be presented via Zoom. \nCultural rescue: avoiding extinction with gene-culture coevolution.  \nAbstract: It is often suggested that the adaptability and success of human populations is a direct result of our sophisticated cultural abilities. Previously\, we have suggested that in cases where lethal environmental shifts cause population decline\, culture may be able to rescue an otherwise doomed population — in other words cause a ‘cultural population rescue’. Innovation and cultural transmission together might provide behavioural adaptations that could compensate for the detrimental effect of an environmental change. To the extent that such innovations could spread and be maintained through cultural transmission\, such a process could indefinitely compensate for novel harsh environmental conditions. \nHowever\, such a scenario may be rare and culture might do more. Organisms with large body sizes and long generation times\, like humans\, are not typically thought to be able to undergo true ‘evolutionary rescue’\, where compensatory genetic mutations arise and allow the demographic recovery of a declining population. As a consequence of long waiting times for beneficial mutations\, where generation times are long\, and population sizes are relatively small\, populations are overwhelmingly likely to die out before such mutations arise and spread to high frequency. We suggest that where culture does not lead to a direct ‘cultural rescue’\, it might nevertheless slow population decline providing time in which compensatory genetic mutations may arise. This mechanism seems plausible. However\, the key to understanding the importance of culture in human population survival lies in describing how frequently such culturally-facilitated evolutionary rescues could occur and under what circumstances they are plausible\, likely\, or impossible. \nIn this talk I will describe a mathematical model of evolutionary rescue that allows for direct gene-culture interactive effects on biological fitness\, and examine the probability of population rescue in the presence and absence of culture. \nZoom: https://ucla.zoom.us/j/92826436236?pwd=SytQNTNPSWdwaDNlTm05d2srdXNHUT09 \nMeeting ID: 928 2643 6236 \nPasscode: BEC
URL:https://anthro.ucla.edu/event/cultural-rescue-avoiding-extinction-with-gene-culture-coevolution/
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20221128T120000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20221128T133000
DTSTAMP:20220921T183250Z
CREATED:20220921T183250Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220921T183250Z
UID:4036-1669636800-1669642200@anthro.ucla.edu
SUMMARY:Skill acquisition and life history: towards a better understanding of cognitive evolution
DESCRIPTION:Dr. Caroline Schuppli\, Max Planck Research Group leader\, MPI for Animal Behavior \nThis talk will be presented via Zoom. \n Skill acquisition and life history: towards a better understanding of cognitive evolution \nAbstract: Cognitive capacity gets selected for via skills and abilities which provide individuals with fitness benefits. However\, strikingly\, the larger brained a species is\, the more incompetent its infants are at birth and the more they must learn to become functioning adults. This suggests that especially for large-brained species\, the developmental construction of intelligence critically depends on inputs during ontogeny. Therefore\, to understand the evolution of cognition\, we need to look at how skills and abilities develop in individuals. To shed light on these questions\, we conduct long-term research on orangutans as well as look at broader patterns across species using comparative analyses. Our results suggest that that extended developmental periods during which skills can develop as well as learning  mechanisms that allow for efficient skill acquisition are crucial for the evolution of high-level cognition. \nZoom: https://ucla.zoom.us/j/92826436236?pwd=SytQNTNPSWdwaDNlTm05d2srdXNHUT09 \nMeeting ID: 928 2643 6236 \nPasscode: BEC
URL:https://anthro.ucla.edu/event/skill-acquisition-and-life-history-towards-a-better-understanding-of-cognitive-evolution/
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